![]() Although technical histories have been produced since the early 20th century, they remain largely disconnected from academic study. Academic studies date back to the 1930s and, although still limited in extent, have increased markedly in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. The subject has been dominated by design and technical histories, generally undervaluing political, economic, and strategic issues, while works in the latter fields tend to ignore technical development and overestimate capabilities. ![]() Compound and then triple expansion engines improved boilers and twin-screw propulsion, ending the need for sails outside the central Pacific. Iron hulls and armor plate reinforced the shift to steam propulsion: after 1870 steam warships slowly abandoned auxiliary sails. Initially conceived as auxiliaries for “conventional” sailing ship navies, a process that culminated in the paddle wheel warship of the 1830s and 1840s, steam capital ships emerged in the late 1840s, using screw propellers and compact engines in modified wooden sailing warships. Steam propulsion gave warships additional mobility, speed, and maneuverability, but its main impact was to enhance the strategic power of maritime forces. Updated data on radar, sonar and air defense of ships.The steam warship was a transitional stage between warships powered by human muscle power or the wind, and the modern warship propelled entirely by mechanical means that emerged in the late 1880s.Added a minimap scale calibrating function for fine-tuning on high resolution screens.Added displaying of minefields and mine-planes.Fixed plane colors for players from ALPHA custom group.Fixed a bug where interceptors were displayed as default fighters. ![]()
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